The high country

I emerge from my warm cocoon - my sleeping bag - and come out into the early Sierra morning… The sun has not yet reached our camp and it is very cold. Judy has not yet wakened… First I heat water on the propane stove for coffee and then I build a small warming fire – Dry sagebrush is the best of all woods for starting a campfire! (We filled the back seat of our car with sage when we went down to Lee Vining.) The small twigs catch quickly and soon I have warm orange flames. Sage smoke has a special fragrance that evokes memories of other times and other places. My uncle once told me that he learned from an Indian friend “White men build big fires and they must stay far from the fire and can't get properly warm – Indians build small fires and can both warm their whole self and easily cook over the flame”.

The music we heard every night as we went to sleep!

We are in one of our favorite places on Earth – Tuolumne Meadows –this is the 9000 ft level of Yosemite (Yosemite valley is 4000 ft.). Here we pitch our yellow nylon tent and establish our base camp for making hikes into the higher country that surrounds us. Our camp is in a cluster of lodgepole pines not far from the flowing river… People come here to hike into the high country, to fish, or to climb the massive granite rocks. Each day Judy and I have made memorable hikes into incredible country – Some hikes are old friends and some are new adventures.

Second Conness Lake - 11,000 ft. - still half frozen in August!

My wife, Judy, is amazing! She hikes up steep rocky trails. She clambers up rocky surfaces with ease (her preference is to climb up where she can use her hands to hold onto cracks and knobs rather than free walking over exposed high surfaces… We crossed snowfields, forded streams, climbed up to over 11000 ft, and enjoyed together gloriously amazing snow filled glacerial cirques and broad vistas.

Judy climbing a granite face - as we climb the higher Lempert Dome

A moments rest beside a high lake

High Sierra camping is not for sissies – There is a trade off –There are moments that are incredible inspiring and elating - Moments that feed me all year long… It is only here that I find the simple clarity that comes from clean granite, flowing water, flower filled meadows, snow fields that survive the summer, marmots and picas, the relish of a well earned lunch overlooking the whole world below…

Lunch - crackers - cheese - an avocado... oh so good!

I especially love the moments of surprise when I encounter a rare flower, unusual geological formation, an unexpected glacerial tarn lake, mountain hawk. I have a special love for traveling in places where there is no well-defined trail, where it is necessary to use dead reckoning and skills learned over the years.

Plateau and ridge leading to Conness glacier

I love hiking with Judy and sharing the travails and rewards of the climb and the reward. I love the broad vistas that can only be found above timberline. Just below timberline is where clusters of whitebark pine are found: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitebark_Pine

August snow fields

This is also a hard land – temperatures fall to near freezing every night – even in August. Trails are arduous and sometimes challenging. The high altitude requires slowing way down to get the oxygen needed. (Our bodies produce more O₂ carrying red cells – it is helpful to allow a day or two to acclimate before going very high.)

Glacerially formed cliff

There are painful moments and times of fatigue from rocks, slippery ice surfaces, thick willow groves that must be crossed, and intense mosquitoes… There are times when it is necessary to backtrack and try another route.

Glacerial tarn

Oh but the reward of success makes it so worthwhile!

Understanding the Republican Agenda

The reasoning behind the Republican plans for our nation are becoming clearer. It has long puzzled me why conservative interests in America want to make the government smaller and to reduce the income of the nation. But I think I am beginning to understand.

The basic reason for reducing taxes is that with less national income it would become an absolutely necessity to reduce the size of government… that seems to be the real goal. Grover Norquist, Congressional Lobbyist and spokes-person for the conservative right, says that the ultimate purpose of tax cuts is: “The goal is reducing the size and scope of government by draining its lifeblood.”

It isn’t quite true to say that they want to reduce the size of all government – The Republicans only want to cut those parts of the government that limit the uncontrolled growth of financial institutions and big business. They want to cut only those programs that deal with human services, social and regulatory programs. They want to eliminate medical care and affordable drug plans, reduce control over safe food and water, remove restrictions on mining and forest explitation (and the resultant environmental damage), maintenance and expansion of the nations infrastructure, hot lunch programs for inner city schools, support for a quality education program for all students, support for poor students who seek to go on college. They are quite happy with large government support of the military, national control over medical procedures that they want to eliminate (abortion and stem cell research), border control, support for increased survalence into the lives of American people, policies that facilitate uncontrolled financial transactions...

Reagan used the phrase that he wanted to “starve the beast” – meaning big government. He put forth the idea of increasing financial pressure on the government’s budget in order to make it easier to cut spending on programs. Rick Santorum, representative from Pennsylvania and spokesperson for the right, said that at first he hated deficits, but has came to like them because they made it harder to pass any new spending bills. He says, “…Deficits make it easier to say no.” With control of the House of Representatives, the Republicans feel that the time is now right to make a move toward reducing the budget that will lead to the reduction in government that they seek. This is how Warren Buffet sees it: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/15/opinion/stop-coddling-the-super-rich.html

It is aso clear who will gain from this plan - a plan that reduces social services, reduces support for education, destroys unions…It will not be the working people of America who benefit … nor those people on a fixed income …nor the sick or marginal of our society… Not even the middle class - because this population group is diminishing. It will be beneficial for the weathly – for those who want a powerless labor force and fewer government controls on what actions are permitted. It would be great for big money financial interests. The effect will be to return us to a two tier society – the wealthy and the poor… it would produce a labor force resigned to accept what is offered without the need of providing for a social safety net… Working families would be left to sink or swin on their own…

It has been an incredible act of social engineering that by using Fox news, conservative radio talk show hosts, and right wing press the very people who would lose the most from the Republican plan are made to think that somehow this plan will benefit them. It is also masterful to meld the whole scheme with a conservative Christian message to give it validity … This very plan, designed by social engineers and paid for by the big money interests who would benefit the most, can turn us into a Second World country such as Brazil or Turkey… with a powerful wealthy elete and a powerless working class...

One of the Republican selling points for small government is that they say that the size of government is inversely proportional to the freedom of the individual. In fact a well planned central government is the most responsible agency for ensuring equal opportunity for everyone in the society.

Read what influence money can buy with the Koch brothers: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/apr/08/koch-brothers-lobbying

We know that the "trickle down economy" concept hasn't worked as Republicans predicted – the weathy hold on to their profits and invest it in still more wealth generating plans. Few profits are translated into new jobs when the wealthy can maximize profits by moving manufacturing overseas. Left to their own devices, those with economic power will maximize their profits at the expense of the economy, the environment, and health and safety standards. With a reduction in national tax income there will be no funding to maintain and expand interstate high way and fast rail systems, national park system, NOAA, air safety standards, water projects. Who will support new research in medicine, wind and solar power...? This recipe is the surest way to lose our competitive edge in the world economic competition. The Republican concept of small government will result in the loss of thousands of jobs that are connected to our national projects.

I support the wisdom of the American form of government with one political arm of the government exploring new ways of dealing with national problems… and another arm seeking to hold to the tried ideas that have worked in the past… If either branch is allowed to completely control the government our system becomes unbalanced and out of kilter… our balance as a nation depends on the dialogue between both voices. Suddenly in this congress we no longer have a dialogue. Instead the Republicans have been unwilling to engage in civil discourse - they have practiced obstructionism. It is said that our two party system negates the need for periodic revolutions or changes in government due to a failed “vote of confidence”. Traditionally, for us Americans, if your party is out of power– it’s only a matter of waiting four years and then mounting an election... then its up to the will of the people...

But one thing that history teaches us - when insurmountable economic disparities is permitted to develop, social instability is the inevitable result...

Fact check is a non partisan source of that evaluates public factual presentations: "Fact Check": http://factcheck.org/2011/08/factchecking-iowa-debate/

Food Notes: On the Road to Portland: 8/12/11

1. Rule number One: When traveling, never stop at a fast food restaurant – preferably find a place named Rosie's, the Pine Tree Inn, Wolf Creek Tavern or some word-of-mouth place that you have been told “not to miss… "

2. Driving north from the Bay Area on Interstate 5 we have been known to plan our trip to be at Granzellla’s for break time – It is located well off the freeway in the sleepy rice-growing country town of Williams.

Forest park - within the city limits of Portland

Years ago, they started as an Italian deli – then slowly have expanding to offer more - they still have the deli, but have added a full restaurant, a bar (with stuffed wild animals for decoration), free tasting counter for local olives and almonds preserved in many styles. But we are drawn to their unmatchable espresso chocolate milkshakes – thick and creamy, topped with a dollop of whipped cream… it is a meal in itself…After sitting hunched over a steering wheel from Fremont, it is just right combination of caffeine, chocolate, and sugar for the fatigued driver - body and mind!

3. Another “have to stop” further north in central Oregon is a set of slight dilapidated metal buildings on the west side of the freeway half way between Eugene Oregon and Roseburg… This is the famous “Rice Hill”… Now don’t get confused with “Johnnie-come-lately” cafes and fast food places that have spring up on the east side of the freeway –

Rice Hill - Central Oregon

The orignal Rice hill is this same group of factory made buildings. They seem to be a relic from the 1950’s (complete with the neon sign) – It has been here since way before we started travelled this highway… Most of the things on the menu have either been deep fried or involve multiple scoops of ice cream – The food is good, but is it the mystique of the place that draws peoeple in… Long before there was a freeway this stretch of road was one unrelenting drive through mile after mile of forest and meadow with few signs of human habitation, from Eugene to Roseburg.

Mt. Shasta - Northern California

Rice Hill was an oasis in the middle of no-where. Everything they cook is fresh and oh so tasty! – My wife, Judy, is a great fan of their honest to goodness onion rings – and nobody does them like Rice Hill – French fried mushrooms with a hamburger are amazing… This trip I contented myself with a scoop of Mountain Blackberry Ice-cream and then to keep it company I got a scoop of something with lots of chunks of chocolate and nuts… Yum!

Rogue River - Southern Oregon

4. Portland itself has so many innovative restaurants! Nowhere have I seen so many places that specialize in gourmet breakfasts – One that we like is in an old house that have been transformed into a beautiful homey cafe… fresh flowers – local paintings - spiffed up old furniture… A typical breakfast might be a 3 egg omelets cooked with fresh vegetables and sausage , served with a crusty local bread, fruit jam, and plenty of good strong local coffee…

Portland

5. Portland is also famous for its variety of quality street food vans… (In California some of these are disparagingly called “Roach Coaches” – I suspect that this name was invented by brick and morter resteraunts that don’t like the competetion. ) In Portland the street vans offer amazing variety and quality… Both here and at home I have become a real fan of well done Tacos – A good taco is a thing of great culinary beauty – it is a vartiety of flavors and textures offered in a fresh soft taco ( forget those hard shell crust things ).

Forest Park - Portland

a good lunch for me is two tacos and a glass of Jamaica ( red drink made from dried hibiscus flowers ). Portland offers even more! I talked to a man yesterday that described to me the incredible Turkish Doner Kebab: Fresh grilled meat with fresh vegetables , slices of pickled vegetables, doused with a yogurt dill sauce wrapped in a fresh hot flat peda bread …

Portland as viewed across the Willamette River ( Will AM it)

Ah! There are also central European, Asian, North African foods… there are the foods of the world from café’s on wheels…

There is something about the social and physical climate of Portland that encourages a coffee house culture – this is the home of good strong well roasted and blended coffees… Along with this there are wonderful tasty baked goods – breads – scones – muffins that go along with a nice quick snack… A coffee house is a good place to relax and enjoy conversation, there is good music and pleasant surroundings...

6. Our daughter in law is an exceptional cook – with innovative recipes based on healthy local products – but cooked with a wonderful knowledge of European and American cooking - She takes time to cook with good basic foods and creates culinary masterpieces!

Forest Park - Portland

7. And then if we haven’t been eating enough – My wife Judy made a German chocolate cake (like an Austrian torte) from scratch for her own birthday (“No one else makes it just the way I like it – so every once in a while I just have to make it - and it must be served with good vanilla ice cream!”

7. So after a week in Portland visiting our son and his wife we are going home well fed - But we walked, rode bikes, and swam daily - so we did not come home the least bit heavier...

Compost

Photos are from the Organic garden donated by Alice Waters to the Martin Luther King Middle School in Berkeley CA - In this garden urban students have an opportunity to discover the learning gardening skills. More about Alice Waters here:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Waters

Also photos from the medical center built at the F.A.M.E. center near Arusha Tanzania - serving tribal people over a wide area . http://www.fameafrica.org/about.html

Students planting garden seeds

I had a love hate relationship with my big red Sears garden chipper. It was clunky and deafening loud - but it could take my garden debris and turn it into beautiful small chips that broke down quickly and made fine mulch for my plants. But it got to be more trouble than it was worth – One part after another broke due to metal fatigue due to vibration and I ended up spending way too much time keeping it running. So I have returned to composting my gardening waste. Its slower but it is satisfying.

Martin Luther King Garden School - Berkeley CA

In nature, fallen leaves and accumulated fallen plant material slowly breaks down and forms humus – nutrient rich organic material that replenishes soil to make it fertile. This is the natural way by which key nutrients are recycled back into the ecosystem. There is some wholesome and "real" about walking past my compost pile and catching a little whiff of sweet aerobic compost in-the-making... its like the smell of walking in a woodland after a rainstorm when the natural plant cycle is in full swing.

Students learning how to make compost

In theory the process is simple: Make sure that the compost pile gets plenty of oxygen. If it is, it will have a pleasant earthy smell. If it is deficient in oxygen ( anaerobic ) if will smell like decaying manure… You have to add enough but not too much water for the compost organisms to function… Some compostable materials are high in carbon (such as sawdust, cardboard, and dry leaves ) and other materials are high in nitrogen ( such as lawn clippings, manure, and fresh garden clippings )- both have to be present and more or less in the right balance. If all three of these conditions are met, the good bacteria and fungi will be active and their metabolism will release heat to about 130F-140F. ( This also kills weed seeds.) Making compost is all about finding the right balance – not too much and not too little – but just enough of everything… Then just be patient and let it happen...

One of the speciality grardens at MLK School

Now some specific details:

1. The bacteria and fungi come naturally from the air - When they digest or "oxidize" plant products - they need carbon rich materials which serve as an energy source. Nitrogen is used in making protein. Most of the compostable material should be carbon-rich with just enough nitrogen to fascilitate the decomposition process.

Garden work team - MLK

Composting will slow down if there is not enough nitrogen. Excess nitrogen can be detected by the presence of ammonia gas .Generally if too much nitrogen rich materials the mixture gets slimy and anaerobic. If this happens add torn pieces of cardboard ( high C ) to quickly put the system back in balance.

The garden also demonstrates the growth of highly nutritious but relatively unknown vegetables: Amaranth

If a fresh pile of stuff is not generating heat - even when moistened – it doesn’t have anough high nitrogen material – add manure or a small amount of ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulphate which is a chemical source of nitrogen. ( half a cup to a couple cubic feet of fresh compost should activate the bacteria and fungus)

2. If you increase the surface area of the material to be composted it will speed things up. If you can chop or chip the material - good! - if you can’t, it will just take more time. The goal is to make it as easy as possible for the microorganisms to digest the material and grow. Insects and earthworms are a help in breaking down materials into smaller particles that bacteria and fungi can digest. Water is essential. Reach your hand in to sample "the feel" – it should never be dry, not should it feel slimy and sticky. Use the squeeze test – if it feels like a wrung out sponge that’s just right! If the water level is too low the activity of the compost organisms will decline. If the pile does get too wet just add more dry material to bring it back to balance.

MLK school - students learn to cook what they grow...

4. What can be composted?:



From the Garden... 
Fallen Leaves, Cut tall grass or lawn clippings, Garden clippings, 
 Weeds (without ripe seeds) 


From the Kitchen... 
Fruit scraps 
Vegetable trimmings 
Egg shells (crushed) 
Tea bags 
Coffee grounds with filters 
Shredded paper,

Paper products ( high carbon ): Cardboard, torn up newspapers...

DO NOT include... 
Meat, fish and bones 
Plastics 
Metals 
Fats and oils 
Dairy products 
Pet waste 
Cheese, meat or other sauces 

... Animal products attract, rodents, flies, rotten fruit attracts fruit flies

F.A.M.E. Medical Center garden -Elephants sometimes come in the night to graze - they are driven off by beating pans to make noise!

5. Getting started… Whatever method you choose, do the following: – add to it freely – watch the balance of materials – water as needed – turn to give plenty of air by turning and mixing every 2 weeks– variety is good – watch your Carbon - Nitrogen balance

a. Make a free standing pile of compostable materials in a corner of your yard

b. Buy an enclosed plastic composting container

c. Construct a wire screen cylinder as large as you need for your compost system ( my preference )

6. Once every couple of weeks its good to use a garden fork to remix the compost pile - this aerates and brings materials from the outside into the active zone...

7. Compost is ready to be used when it is dark in color, crumbly and has a good "earthy" smell. You can sift the compost to eliminate material which has not yet finished composting - but in most cases that isn't necessary... If you want you can return unfinished materials back to the compost pile to extract every last bit of humous.

F.A.M.E. Medical Center garden - fertilized with compost - near Arusha Tanzania

8. Worms! Adding worms to your system will speed the break down of the materials and give the soil organisms some help. Only minor allowances need to be made to your method...

Use "redworms" (Eisenia foetida) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenia_fetida not regular earthworms. These guys naturally live in compost or manure but usually don't ( usually) burrow into the soil. They are happiest at temperatures between 50F and 70F. Redworms process food quickly and turn food wastes into nutrient-rich "castings." Worm castings are an excellent fertilizer additive for gardens or potted plants. 



F.A.M.E. Medical Center garden - Raw mineral soil benefits greatly by adding organic compost!

Redworms are added to the compost system benefit from shredded moist cardboard and/or moistened paper into which they burrow The worms will gradually reproduce or die according to the amount of food they receive. A sudden addition of a large amount of food waste may attract fruit flies, so increases should be made gradually. In a healthy box, worms can build large populations and consume four to six pounds of food scraps per week.

There is a Sikh temple near my home that provide many meals each day. Rather than pay for scraps to be hauled away they have developed an elaborate pest free, odor free system for converting the food waste into worm castings that are added to their garden to produce more vegetables! It is a marvel!

Sikh temple ( Gurdwara ) north west part of FremontCalifornia

How do you find "redworms" (Eisenia foetida)? Compost worms are often called “red worms” or “red wigglers.” You can sometimes find them in fishing bate stores - but not all fishing worms are red wigglers. You can get a start from another "worm com poster" or buy them from a worm farm - easy to find on the internet. Start with one half to one pound of worms, or two nice big handfuls. You will come to think of your worms as little red friends!

A different perspective...

Seeing Stinson Beach from the mountainside, the town shows itself to be built on a sandbar at the mouth of the Bolinas Bay … Between the open ocean and the estuary, a long salt water lagoon has been formed with homes built on both sides.

Overview of Bolinas town and Bolinas Bay

Driving here, north from San Francisco, we leave the freeways and travel a country road through wild heath land with a thick low growing jumble of California Lilac,Coyote Brush, Yarrow, Seaside Daisy, and Monkey Flower ... and other such plants as can withstand this sometimes moist, sometimes dry, often windy, often swirling fog rising from the ocean. Travel takes less us about 90 minutes… but it is a world apart in the pace of life. Here, the flow of time in set by the pulse of the breaking surf and the call of sea birds…

7AM - looking east across the inner lagoon

We have spent this week with Judy’s brother and sister and spouses in an elegant rented home perched on the edge of the lagoon - We wake each morning to lapping water sounds, clouds on the mountains above us normally melt away by mid morning… Summer daytime temperatures remain in the low 70's. Our days are spent in conversation, walking excursions, exploration of the surrounding area, reading, and eating – a lot of good healthy eating! My wife Judy has been the only one bold enough to swim across the lagoon – and yesterday she swam three cycles, over and back, with form and grace…

Judy - swimming the lagoon

So how does this fog form? - When air is cooler than the water (or soil) over which it passes – fog forms. Think bathtub fog on a cold morning. California coastal summer fog at first glance seems a puzzle – it starts to form at about 1000 ft., but not at sea level. Air sweeps eastward from the cool Ocean surface – The sea is colder than the air, thus, no fog at sea level. But when air is forced to rise up the coastal slope it undergoes a process called adiabatic cooling – Think of a large balloon filled with air at sea level –the pressure of the atmosphere pushing inward is in balance with the normal attempt of the air mass to expand outward. The air mass is in equilibrium as long as conditions stay constant.

Some days the fog persisted

Suppose the balloon rises 1000 ft – the pressure of the atmosphere is now less and the internal air pushing outward is able to expand the air inside the balloon – this outward expansion uses up energy removed from the air mass– losing energy results in reduction in temperature. “Adiabatic Cooling” is equal to -5.5F/1000 ft. The ocean airmass, rising up the mountain slope, has now been made cooler than the ground over which it is passing - and fog particles form – hence clouds/fog.

2000 ft - The fog zone - By traveling higher we later broke into bright sunlight again!

My brother in law, Donald, and I drove up the mountain side of Mt. Tamalpais – up into the fog zone and I saw a phenomenon I have only read about – Fir trees at about the 2000 ft level have adapted to the Pacific coast foggy summer conditions by developing a needle shape that provide surface area for the fog to coalesce. When enough fog particles have collected, a drop of water slides off the needle… the effect under the tree is that of a steady rainfall of fat raindrops. The trees "milk" the fog... Coastal redwoods can also do the same.

Fir trees "milking moisture from the fog

This reminds me a story…Years ago when Judy and I were camping in the country parks in Hawaii we had a partly empty air mattress on the back seat of our car – we drove from sealevel to the top of Mt. Haleakala on the island of Maui. We reached the top, and when I looked in the back seat, the air mattress had expanded almost to the busting point – Expansion due to elevation change and change in atmospheric pressure…

In the moist fog zone the growth is some thick it forms a jungle

Sunday Don, his daughter, two friends and I returned to Mt. Tamalpais – but now the sun was brilliant and the forest was filled with green leaves, sunbeams, and bird songs – it was a marvel! Tracy and her friends are young adults, very comfortable in their San Francisco life style – but with an impressive worldview – We share a deep love of nature, of wild green places, of lichens, and ferns, of the myriad forest plants and creatures… it is such a pleasure to see the forest through their eyes.

Community of lichens:(click to open) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichen

They are involved with a group of young urbanites that in addition to their professional lives enjoy the process of creating community within the midst of the city – It is part of a movement found in other urban areas. I have heard it called “localism”. At regular times, the group gathers as a person's garden and working together, they give it a total creative redo – training and empowering the owner/renter to maintain the garden as a place of beauty and perhaps practical food production. Then after working together they enjoy good food and continue an on-going Kendama competition. To learn about Kendama - go here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendama.

Sunday afternoon we collected samples of windfall lichens and mosses to be used in gardens or terrarium construction. I love the form and variety of lichens and so I have a lot in common with them.

Crustose Lichens growing on an exposed rock

Later in the week Judy and I drove past Muir wood: http://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm– It is a beautiful stand of coastal redwood trees only a short hop from the urban centers of the Bay Area … What we saw was unbelievable! It was 10AM, a weekday morning, and the parking lot was full – the large overflow parking area was full – the street parking for a mile in each direction was full. This is a statement about the human desire to relate with the natural world. (The area is quite small so I fear that with these many visitors the pathways would be as crowded as a city sidewalk).

A large bolder of serpentine rock - slopes of Mt. Tamalpais (detail view)

It is also a statement about human population and how it has grown. I think of redwood forests as landscapes where the only sounds are raucous scrub jays and the gentle rustle of wind in the top branches. It is a place of bright yellow 8 inch banana slugs and a whole ecosystem of small plants and animals dependent on the shade and moisture that are part of this environment. I wish all of these people could experience the real beauty and peace of the wild forest in a more leisurely setting...

Pacific Sideband Snail (Monadenia fidelis )

Links of the week;

1. Our national crisis is still unresolved - I recommend the daily New York Times editorials for a helpful perspective: Here is a sample: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/27/opinion/27wed2.html?_r=1&ref=opinion

2. The budget debate, these past weeks, has sucked all the air out of the news cycle. We are so on overload with one issue that a number of critically important news topics have slipped past us. The issue of changes to our environmental controls can affect our environmental and health for years to come:

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/28/science/earth/28enviro.html?_r=1&hp

I think Mr. Murdock is also thanking his lucky stars that the budget debate took the spot light off him...

3.We are so democratic in this country that we feel that all sides of an issue should be given equal hearing - even when knowledge and reason are lacking from one side... Read this: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/opinion/krugman-the-centrist-cop-out.html?hp