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Friday, January 31, 2014

Notes for mid winter



1. I'm sure I will get no sympathy from my east coast and mid western friends - but for us it is a cold day today - just over 50 degrees this morning. The sun is in hiding.  But overall this January is the warmest since record keeping began in the mid 1800s.  Average high tempereatures were up 8 degrees above normal.  High temperature records were topped 18 of the 30 days in the month.

A dry foggy morning in January

2.  The start of our rain season is July and since then we have had only 2.19 inches of total precipitation.   The mountain ski resorts are shut down (snow 12% normal), reservoirs are drying up, some towns are making contingency plans to tank in water. It has been too dry even for weeds to grow,  where they usually are 3 feet tall by now.  Some bay area cities had less rain this season than Death Valley.  


Our local lakes are shrinking daily

3. Even with the drought, I love the ever changing cycle of the seasons - predictable - but every day full of surprises. At twilight the tree frogs begin their tireless concert  - They are telling me that while it is still cold winter that they are preparing for warmer days to come. We can generally count on no more frost after  Feb 1.

Winter Ice crystals 

4.  February

Frog songs fill the night
With boisterous laughter
Scissortail swallows
return to ancestral homes

Winter coats
Are flung into back closets
The light has won
The miracle happens

Buds grow again
from dead branches
Gone are the weary nights
Light has won over darkness


Early spring Cottonwood

5.  Acacia trees are in full fragrant yellow blooms as a portent of spring and the bane of hay fever sufferers.  While I see the first buds begin to form on the lilac bushes, it is too early to show any green.  Dafodills have emerged from the ground but will wait a bit before flowering.  Early plum trees are in full bloom. My winter potatoes are beginning to show sprouts.


Clouds but no rain

6.  Here in N. California February is the month to prune fruit trees.

Pruning

Winter is spare and hard
Blunt ended apple twigs form filigree patterns
Against the gray clouds that ebb and flow overhead
Mummy fruits hold tight, high in the slender branches

My fingers ache with cold,
As I grasp the cutting tool
Each cut is a decision

Crossing branches wear against each other in winter storms
Small twigs will bear next summers fruit
Permitting all growth harms the tree
Summer growth believes that anything is possible -
Winter is a time of judicious choice.

Middle twigs snipped sway allow sunlight to enter
Damaged twigs broken by too much summer fruit are cut loose.
Each cut stimulates new growth
My will is marked upon the tree
The tree is my metaphor

7. Most Februarys I would recommend getting cozy by a nice wood fire - sipping coffee or good dark beer with a friend.  I would say that this is usually a month to try a new recipe - read a book - visit a gallery...  But this heart it is a month to get out into nature - this will be our best shot for seeing wild flowers... newts making their annual walk-about and grebes dancing on the water in their fantastic mating dance. 

Vegetarian Marinara sauce

8.  When I visit Home Depot, I see jobless men out early in the morning hoping to be selected for a days manual labor.  Imagine the discouragment; having to choose between standing hoping for work or standing by the freeway off-ramp with a sign - "Out of work, please help".  Both are dehumanizing.    Tougher still are those pushing grocery carts with all their world possessions -going through the trash cans looking for bits of lunch thrown away by those who can afford to be choosey.  Its still cold at night when you are sleeping on the street.


Waiting

9. A great tree in the human forest fell this week with the death of Pete Seeger.  He inspired me and many others with his range of simple honest songs.  Please open this link for a sample  of his great songs...




Friday, January 24, 2014

Aliens among us!

A little departure from my usual blogs this week - It seems like I am surrounded by people with all manner of viruses! - I have become a compulsive hand washer.  So let me remind you, that if you haven't done it yet - its not too late to get a flu shot to protect your self!

So If you will humor me -  the biology teacher in me feels a need to remind you all about viruses.    I keep running into people with incorrect ideas about what viruses are and how they operate... so here goes...

Virus particles are like something out of science fiction. They come in all configurations; some look like lunar landing modules, others like spikey balls, or three dimensioned geometric forms.  The virus particles are not technically "alive" - but contain only a protein coat and on the inside carry one strand of genetic information. 

A phage style virus

Once inside the body they attach to the outside surface of their target cells and release a protein enzyme to create an opening in the cell membrane through which they are able to pass a single strand of genetic material  (usually DNA, but some viruses are designed to use RNA instead).  This strand of genetic information  carries instructions  to stop the normal operations of the cell and take command of the cells resources.  Another portion of the DNA strand now begins to organize the production of component parts for thousands of duplicate virus particles.  The DNA strand has information then for assembly of the component parts. 



Stages in the cycle of virus production in a host cell

The final action of the DNA is the production of an enzyme that causes the invaded cell to burst open releasing the virus particles - each one ready to attack another cell and continue the invasion of the body.  There are some variations on this theme that cause a slow production of virus particles by the invaded cells and do not involve the breaking open of the cell under attack.  These cells can recover after the illness.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h5Jd7sgQWY



A human sneeze is an ideal mechanism for spreading viruses - Imagine one good sneeze can contaminate an entire room... Yuck!

Colds, flu, HIV, rabies, polio, measles, mumps, herpes, hepatitis, chicken pox/shingles are all caused by virus infections.   Plants are also victims of virus diseases.  When you get a virus what does the doctor tell you - "Get plenty of rest, drink lots of fluids, and let your body recover.  A wag commented that if you keep working with a cold it may take seven days to recover, however if you stop and take it easy you will recover in a week".  The recovery is easier if you rest...and you won't share the virus with all of your colleagues.  I hate to tell you this - but medicine or medical treatments are not normally used in treating our virus diseases - that is left up to our bodies to do on their own.  



Electron Microscope image
 Viruses are incredibly smaller than even bacteria

Your body's natural response to a virus is to activate an immune response. Our bodies use the invaders to create shape specific antibodies molecules for each different virus disease. Antibodies are like a lock and key that, when matched with the virus particles can "lock" or neutralize the viruses so they can no longer enter or damage our cells. To neutralize each different strain of organism, the antibodies must have the right pattern to match the characteristics of each virus.



A typical cold virus - recreation based on electron micrograph images

 The antibodies collected in our body remember each virus pattern that has caused an immune response in the past.  We fool the body into making antibodies by injecting weakened or dead virus particles into the body (an inoculation) - your body will respond by making antibodies without actually getting sick. in some cases similar viruses can stimulate the production of antibodies similar enough to casue protection.  



When the first inoculations against small pox were offered, many refused to take them- even to avoid that dread disease... The refusal then reminds me of people today who say that they dont believe in getting flu shots

The classic case if the small pox inoculation that gives us one "cow pox" on our arm and ever after we are protected from the much more severe small pox disease.   If this virus invades you in the future your antibodies will protect you from disease.  The inoculation causes us to quickly make up a lot of the antibodies.   If it is a new invading virus (or a disease for which you do not have a shot),  usually our body can make antibodies that can match just right in a week to ten days.... but you feel the symptoms of the disease until this happens.  Most antibodies stay in your body for years.  But in some cases you may need a "booster shot" to maintain an adequate number.



Another vector host that we all know way too well - Mosquitos are responsible for many times more human deaths than all the sharks and rattlesnakes in the worlds

Colds and flu are highly adaptable and keep evolving new patterns.  So each year a new blend of the expected flu strains are used in creating a flue vaccine for those varieties - hence a new shot is recommended every year.  Imagine what a soup of antibodies you carry in your blood.  But viruses come in such a variety that its possible to get sick from something for which you do not have antibodies. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h5Jd7sgQWY

If you get a cold and go to the doctor saying, "Please doctor give me an antibiotic so that I can get better faster!" Forget it.  Doctors know that antibiotics only work against bacteria. They have absolutely no effect on viruses.  All you can do is treat the symptoms to feel better.  It all comes down to chicken soup and aspirin!

The relative size of particles, bacteria, viruses








Friday, January 17, 2014

Faces


TEST QUESTION - How many portraits posted in this blog  can you identify?

I’m sure you know the experience of seeing a person in a crowd and instantly recognizing them but since you are seeing them out of the usual context can't remember who they are.  My dental hygienist at the movie...the guy I buy bread from in the Afghan bakery in the shopping mall...the check-out lady from the grocery at the library... What is it about the human face?  No two are alike and we have the capacity to distinguish and remember hundreds... (perhaps thousands) of faces and recognize them instantly.  This must have evolutionary significance for our species.






Most other animals can't  do this. Can penguins recognize their buddies as they stand around waiting for their eggs to hatch?  How about a herd of wildebeests doing their huge migration?... or sea lions lounging around on the beach.  Dogs do their identification with the sniff test, seagulls tell each other apart by the color pattern of the iris of the eye, cats don’t care.


 
Even more remarkable is our ability to ‘see’ faces with our mind alone.  Can’t you visualize your spouse or your children when they are not present?   Can’t you ‘see’ the difference with your mind alone between the neighbor to your left and the neighbor to the right?  We can even clearly ‘see’ those long dead or those we know only from photos or paintings... Can’t you ‘see’ the images of Abraham Lincoln and that of Martin Luther King?  What is it with this strange thing we call ‘mind’?  





I can recall individuals to whom I only had a brief exposure. There was the guy on the BART train with giant holes in his ear lobes through which he had stuck large pieces of bone – I once passed closely by Vaclav Havel – Out a Turkish train window, I saw a face with advanced leprosy – I remember the face of a child eating a bowl of food in Tanzania – A student in Oakland with her hand raised eager to answer a question – an old woman in the public market in Cusco laughing at a joke.  I can visualize them even though I actually saw some of them long ago.



When I encounter people that I haven’t seen for a very long time,  my memory of their faces may be a mismatch with the person before me.  I went to a high school reunion and while voices and style of laughter may be the same – the faces have been changed by years of living, wrinkles, hair or lack there of, and the on-set of reserve.  



Its especially spooky to see people that a knew as children now as mature adults.  I frequently encounter previous students that I remember as 16 -17 year olds now with extra weight or gravitas ... sometimes unrecognizable as the kid I knew.  But the curious thing is that I often see enough clues that my brain says “ I know you...” And I can usually dredge up a name to go with the face.



When I was a young person growing up in a conservative town I often found people who said things like ”All Orientals look exactly alike – I cant tell them apart.” That statement tells me that this person has had very little contact with Asian people.  When I look out at a classroom with many Chinese kids – each person is every bit as unique as people of European ancestry.  Such statements are born of ignorance and prejudice.



I do have my limitations. When I watch television – my wife says “Do you remember other roles where we have seen this actor?  Me – “Not a clue” – I am caught up in the story and I am not in the least thinking of the actors and where I may have seen then before.  Then there are the times I see a face and cant come up with the name.   “Mr. Zlatnik, remember me I was in your class back in 1975?"... Duh...


Its true what they say: "The face we have is a reflection of the life we have lived."  A sour unhappy person reflects their disposition in their face.  A person who lives with peace and joy has nice wrinkles, kind eyes.  












Friday, January 10, 2014

Annual Book Edition



Do you remember when you were 10 years old and how involved you became with a good book?  Remember books that you just couldn’t put down?  Over the year I “became too busy to read”, and it was only when my school started a half hour of required reading for all students and staff that I rediscovered the joy of reading a good book.  (Silent Sustained Reading in schools has been found highly effective for increasing comprehension and speed in all subject areas)  http://www.essentialschools.org/resources/450. 

Here are ten books that I have recently read and greatly enjoyed:

Pillars of the Earth –Ken Follett
The story is of a 12th century master stonemason involved in building one of the great cathedrals of England.  The author has done rigorous research to give the flavor of life in that period, when the empress Maud and Stephen are fighting for the crown of England after the death of Henry I. It is both excellent historical fiction and a good adventure story.

The Physician – Noah Gordon
Medical knowledge in 11th century England was often a mixture or herbology, wishful thinking, and magic.  A young orphan is adopted by a patent medicine salesman/surgeon – and he experiences the inadequacies of medical treatment.  His travels lead to meeting a true trained physician, and Rob gains the vision of where he must travel and how he must be trained to also become a skilled physician.  Gordon has written an inspiring story of seeking knowledge in a violent and superstition filled world.  Great read!
Good Soldier Schweik - Karel Hasek

Set during the World War I period in the Austro Hungarian empire. In the Czech Republic today, Josef Å vejk, is still a kind of epitome of the Czech spirit of survival in the face of adversity.  The novel deals with a series of absurdly comic episodes, it explores both the pointlessness and futility of conflict in general and of military discipline, Austrian military discipline, in particular. Through possibly-feigned idiocy or incompetence he repeatedly manages to frustrate military authority and expose its stupidity in a form of passive resistance: the reader is left unclear, however, as to whether Å vejk is genuinely incompetent, or acting quite deliberately with dumb insolence. These absurd events reach a climax when Å vejk, wearing a Russian uniform, is mistakenly taken prisoner by his own troops.  An unforgettable classic book!

Half the Sky- Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn

Perhaps the social issue of this century is the inequality and ill treatment of women worldwide. More girls have been killed in the last fifty years, precisely because they were girls, than men were killed in all the wars of the twentieth century, particularly in third world countries that value male heirs. The authors suggest that it is impossible for countries to climb out of poverty if only a fraction of women (9% in Pakistan, for example) participate in the labor force. China's meteoric rise was due to women's economic empowerment: 80% of the factory workers in the Guangdong province are female.   Local women are   the most effective change agents: The book is an eye opener both for understanding the state of women worldwide today, but offering a range of well considered opportunities to support positive change.

Watch out – Furst has written a series of books and its easy to get hooked! Placed in the period prior to WW II when much of Europe was in a state of great uncertainty. Furst describes the political and social conflict.  His description of this period in Paris is full of rich literary style and images and his story telling is meticulous.  The book is more about the personal and psychological maneuvering of the characters than about war. I went on to read all his other books too!
War of the Newts –Karel Chapek

Its hard to place this book in a category – It is social/political satire, maybe a bit of biological science fiction, and perhaps just a good novel. The underlying message is a warning about the long-term effects of rampant imperialism.

Imagine pearl fishers in the South Pacific discovering a breed of highly intelligent newts – quite large – with opposable thumb hands and a well-developed brain.  They live happily on their island until the Europeans kidnap some and return them to Europe.  Much to everyone surprise they are really quite capable of learning and soon their effect of European life has great surprises.  The book includes a variety of press clippings over the story, personal accounts, and at times you wont know whether to laugh or cry from reading about the creatures.  A remarkable book. 

Putting Away Childish Things – Marcus Borg

Marcus Borg is a leading progressive Christian theologian of our time.  This is his first attempt at a novel.  The people and situations that he describes in the book will sound very familiar to you if you have dealings with flawed persons who are trying to lead an honest good life, also if you have had dealings with institutions that struggle with meeting the needs of their staff and clients, v. the perceived ‘good’ of the institution. The book deals with the open conflict in our world today between conservative and progressive Christians in an honest thoughtful manner.  Borg is able to include some of his best questions and reflections on what the Church needs to consider today.  Strongly recommended!

Mr. Penumbra’s 24-hour bookstore – Robin Sloan

Set in a hole-in-the-wall San Francisco bookstore, our hero Clay Jannon lost his job as a San Francisco Web-design drone—and he has landed a new gig working the night shift at Mr. Penumbra’s 24-Hour Bookstore. But after just a few days on the job, Clay begins to realize that this store is even more curious than the name suggests. There are only a few customers, but they come in repeatedly and never seem to actually buy anything, instead “checking out” impossibly obscure volumes from strange corners of the store, all according to some elaborate, long-standing arrangement with the gnomic Mr. Penumbra. The store must be a front for something larger, Clay concludes, and soon he’s embarked on a complex analysis of the customers’ behavior and roped his friends into helping to figure out just what’s going on. But once they bring their findings to Mr. Penumbra, it turns out the secrets extend far outside the walls of the bookstore. 

This is a literary adventure story for the twenty-first century. The book is a little quirky – but you’ll love it!

The #1 Ladies Detective Agency – Alexander McCall Smith

The No. 1 Ladies Detective Agency series tells the story of the engaging Precious Ramotswe, who is drawn to her profession to “help people with problems in their lives. “She inherits cows, which she sells, and uses the money to set up shop in a small storefront in Gaborone. She is hired to track down a missing husband, uncover a con man, and follow a wayward daughter. But the case that tugs at her heart, and lands her in danger, is a missing eleven-year-old boy, who may have been snatched by witchdoctors.  Smith has captured the spirit of Africa and you will fall in love with Ms. Ramotswe, who is traditionally sized.

A Week in Winter - Maeve Binchy

If you like people you will love this book!   Stonebridge is a small town on the west coast of Ireland where all the families know each other. When Chicky Starr decides to take an old, decaying mansion set high on the cliffs overlooking the windswept Atlantic Ocean and turn it into a restful place for a holiday by the sea, everyone thinks she is crazy. Helped by Rigger (a bad boy turned good who is handy around the house) and Orla, her niece (a whiz at business), Stone House is finally ready to welcome its first guests to the big warm kitchen, log fires, and understated elegant bedrooms. Laugh and cry with this unlikely group as they share their secrets and—maybe—even see some of their dreams come true. Full of Maeve’s trademark warmth and humor, once again, she embraces us with her grand storytelling.